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Organosulfur compounds are organic compounds that contain sulfur. They are often associated with foul odors, but many of the sweetest compounds known are organosulfur derivatives, e.g., saccharin. Nature abounds with organosulfur compounds—sulfur is essential for life. Of the 20 common amino acids, two (cysteine and methionine) are organosulfur compounds, and the antibiotics penicillin (pictured below) and sulfa drugs both contain sulfur. While sulfur-containing antibiotics save many lives, sulfur mustard is a deadly chemical warfare agent. Fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas, which are derived from ancient organisms, necessarily contain organosulfur compounds, the removal of which is a major focus of oil refineries. Sulfur shares the chalcogen group with oxygen, selenium and tellurium, and it is expected that organosulfur compounds have similarities with carbon–oxygen, carbon–selenium and carbon–tellurium compounds, which is true to some extent. A classical chemical test for the detection of sulfur compounds is the Carius halogen method. ==Classes of organosulfur compounds== Organosulfur compounds can be classified according to the sulfur-containing functional groups, which are listed (approximately) in decreasing order of their occurrence. Image:R-allicin-2D-skeletal.png|Allicin, the active flavor compound in crushed garlic Image:Cysteine.svg| R-cysteine, an amino acid containing a thiol group Image:Methionin - Methionine.svg|Methionine, an amino acid containing a thioether Image:Diphenyl disulfide.png|Diphenyl disulfide, a representative disulfide Image:Dibenzothiophen - Dibenzothiophene.svg|Dibenzothiophene, a component of crude oil Image:Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid.png|Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid, a controversial surfactant Image:Lipoic-acid-2D-skeletal.png|Lipoic acid, an essential cofactor of four mitochondrial enzyme complexes. Image:Penicillin core.svg|Penicillin core structure, where "R" is the variable group. image:Sulfanilamide-skeletal.svg|Sulfanilamide, a sulfonamide antibacterial, called a sulfa drug. Image:Sulfur-mustard-2D-skeletal.png|Sulfur mustard, a chemical warfare agent. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Organosulfur compounds」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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